铁道机车车辆

由于动车组在运行过程中受轴重转移、黏着状态变化等因素影响，导致各轴的黏着力未能充分利用，制动力仍然存在较大冗余。为此基于列车基本参数、轨面黏着状态等，提出极大似然法实现轮轨黏着的在线估计，并以估计得到的黏着系数为基准，分析各轴的轴重转移程度，提出了与黏着力相匹配的轴际制动力分配策略。通过分析轨面黏着力限制与电—空制动力的分配关系，研究了新策略条件下不同载重、制动级位对列车制动性能的影响。仿真结果表明：所提优化分配方案可以满足动车组的运用需求，并且显著缩短了制动时间，可以有效降低列车制动的风险。

Due to factors such as axle load transfer and changes in the adhesion state during the operation of EMU(Electric Multiple Unit) trains, the adhesion force on each axle is not fully utilized, leading to significant redundancy in the braking force. To address this, an online estimation method for wheel-rail adhesion based on train parameters and track adhesion conditions is proposed using the maximum likelihood approach. The estimated adhesion coefficient is used as a benchmark to analyze the extent of axle load transfer on each axle, and an axle-specific brake force distribution strategy is developed matching the available adhesion force. By analyzing the relationship between the adhesion limits and the distribution of electric and pneumatic braking forces, the impact of different axle loads and brake levels is investigated on train braking performance under the new strategy. Simulation results demonstrate that the proposed optimized distribution scheme meets the operational requirements of high-speed trains, significantly reduces braking time and effectively lowers the risk of train braking.